Спектр активности цефалоспоринов
Спектр активности цефалоспоринов
Обозначения:
- 0 — отсутствие клинической активности
- + — низкая активность
- ++ — умеренная активность
- +++ — высокая активность
I поколение | II поколение | III поколение | IV поколение | V поколение | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Цефазолин | Цефалексин | Цефадроксил | Цефамандол | Цефаклор | Цефуроксим | Цефотаксим | Цефтриаксон | Цефтазидим | Цефоперазон | Цефоперазон/ сульбактам | Цефтибутен | Цефиксим | Цефепим | Цефтобипрол | ||
| Грам (-) аэробы | Moraxella catarrhalis | + | + | + | + | + | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | + | + | + | + | +++ | +++ | + | + | + | +++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | |||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | + | ++ | +++ | +++ | + | + | + | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | |
| Chlamydophila pneumoniae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Chlamydia psittaci | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Chlamydia trachomatis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ehrlichia spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Rickettsia spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Bordetella pertussis | + | + | + | +++ | +++ | |||||||||||
| Brucella spp. | + | + | + | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | |||||||||
| Campylobacter jejuni | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Francisella tularensis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Helicobacter pyloria | ||||||||||||||||
| Haemophilus ducreyi | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | ||||||||||
| Haemophilus influenzaes | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | |
| Legionella pneumophila | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Citrobacter spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | +++ | ++ | |
| Enterobacter spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | +++ | ++ | |
| Escherichia coll | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | + | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | |
| Morganella morgani | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | + | +++ | +++ | |
| Proteus mirabilis | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | |
| Proteus vulgaris | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | |
| Providencia stuartii | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | |
| Salmonella spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | 0 | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | |
| Salmonella typhi | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ||
| Serratia spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | + | +++ | +++ | |
| Shigella spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ||
| Yersinia enterocolitica | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | + | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | ||
| Yersinia pestis | ||||||||||||||||
| Acinetobacter spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | 0 | 0 | ++ | ++ | |
| Burkholderia cepacia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | + | + | + | + | + | 0 | ++ | ||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +++ | ++ | ++ | 0 | 0 | +++ | ++ | |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Aeromonas hydrophila | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | |
| Pasteurella multocida | 0 | 0 | 0 | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ||||
| Vibrio cholerae | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Грам (+) аэробы | Enterococcus faecalis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + |
| Enterococcus faecium | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | |
| Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | 0 | + | + | 0 | 0 | +++ | +++ | |
| Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +++ | |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSE) | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | + | + | 0 | + | + | 0 | 0 | ++ | +++ | |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +++ | |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | 0 | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | |
| Streptococcus agalactiae | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | 0 | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | |
| Streptococcus bovis | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | 0 | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae (ПЧП) | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | + | +++ | +++ | +++ | 0 | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae (ПРП) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | ++ | ++ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | ++ | |
| Streptococcus viridans | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | 0 | ++ | ++ | 0 | ++ | +++ | +++ | |
| Mycobacterium avium комплекс | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Nocardia spp. | 0 | +++ | +++ | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
| Bacillus anthracis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |||||||||||
| Corynebacterium leikeium | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Анаэробы | Actinomyces israeli | 0 | ++ | ++ | ||||||||||||
| Gardnerella vaginalis | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
| Bacteroides fragilis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +++ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Fusobacterium spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +++ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Prevotella melaninogenica | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +++ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Clostridium difficile | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Clostridium perfringens | ++ | 0 | 0 | + | + | 0 | + | + | 0 | 0 | ++ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Clostridium tetani | + | 0 | 0 | + | + | 0 | + | + | 0 | 0 | +++ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Peptostreptococcus spp. | ++ | 0 | 0 | + | + | + | + | + | 0 | + | +++ | 0 | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| Микоплазмы | Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ureaplasma urealyticum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Спирохеты | Borrelia burgdorfer | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | |||||||||||
| Borrelia recurrentis | +++ | +++ | +++ | |||||||||||||
| Leptospira spp. | + | + | + | +++ | +++ | +++ | ||||||||||
| Treponema pallidum | + | + | + | +++ | +++ | +++ | ||||||||||